The Labor and Educational Effects of DACA: Evidence from California

The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, implemented in 2012, has been a subject of intense debate. While much research has examined the early effects of DACA, this study contributes to the literature by analyzing more recent data on the labor and educational outcomes of DACA recipients in California. Using a difference-in-differences approach, I aim to uncover significant changes in the labor market and educational outcomes of DACA recipients over time. I find those eligible for DACA experienced noteworthy effects compared to those who were ineligible. Specifically, they exhibit a significant 3.1 percentage point increase in the likelihood of having worked in the past year, accompanied by an annual earning boost of $2290, an additional 1.8 hours of work per week, and a 1.7 percentage point decrease in the likelihood of being self-employed. Regarding education, although there is no significant difference in the likelihood of obtaining a GED between the eligible and ineligible groups, those who qualify for DACA demonstrate a notable 2.2 percentage point increase in college attendance compared to the ineligible group. These findings offer valuable insights into the long-term implications of DACA and bear significant policy implications. They shed light on the lives of hundreds of thousands of individuals and families affected by DACA, informing crucial decision-making processes that can shape their futures

CMOS SPADs selection, modeling and characterization towards image sensors implementation

The selection, modeling and characterization of Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) are presented. Working with the standard 180nm UMC CMOS process, different SPAD structures are proposed in combination with several quenching circuits in order to compare their relative performances. Various configurations for the active region and the prevention of the premature edge breakdown are tested, looking for a miniaturization of the devices to implement image sensor arrays without loses in their performance

On the development of a MODEM for data transmission and control of electrical household appliances using the low-voltage power-line

This paper presents a CMOS 0,6μm mixed-signal MODEM ASIC for data transmission on the low-voltage power line. The circuit includes all the analog circuitry needed for input interfacing and modulation/demodulation (PLL-based frequency synthesis, slave filter banks with PLL master VCO for tuning, decision circuitry, etc.) plus the logic circuitry needed for control purposes. The circuit operates correctly in the whole industrial temperature range, from -45 to 80°C, under 5% variations of the 3.3V supply voltage.Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología FD97-1611(TIC)Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología TIC200 1-092

CMOS mixed-signal MODEM for data transmission and control of electrical household appliances using the low-voltage power-line

This paper presents a CMOS 0.6μm mixed-signal MODEM ASIC for data transmission using the low-voltage power line. This circuit includes all the analog blocks needed for input interfacing and modulation/demodulation (PLL-based frequency synthesis, slave filter banks with PLL master VCO for tuning, and decision circuitry) plus the logic circuitry needed for control purposes. The circuit operates correctly within the industrial temperature range, from -45 to 80°C, under 5% variations of the 3.3V supply voltage.Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología 1FD97-1611(TIC)Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología TIC2001-092

Error control in simplification before generation algorithms for symbolic analysis of large analogue circuits

Circuit reduction is a fundamental first step in addressing the symbolic analysis of large analogue circuits. A new algorithm for simplification before generation is presented which is very efficient in terms of speed and the amount of circuit reduction, and solves the accuracy problems of previously reported approaches

An error-controlled methodology for approximate hierarchical symbolic analysis

Limitations of existing approaches for symbolic analysis of large analog circuits are discussed. To address their solution, a new methodology for hierarchical symbolic analysis is introduced. The combination of a hierarchical modeling technique and approximation strategies, comprising circuit reduction, graph-based symbolic solution of circuit equations and matrix-based error control, provides optimum results in terms of speech and quality of results.European Commission ESPRIT 21812Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología TIC97-058

Characterization-Based Modeling of Retriggering and Afterpulsing for Passively Quenched CMOS SPADs

The current trend in the design of systems based on CMOS SPADs is to adopt smaller technological nodes, allowing the co-integration of additional electronics for the implementation of complex digital systems on chip. Due to their simplicity, a way to reduce the area occupied by the integrated electronics is the use of passive quenching circuits (PQCs) instead of active (AQCs) or mixed (MQCs) ones. However, the recharge phase in PQCs is slower, so the device can be retriggered before this phase ends. This paper studies the phenomena of afterpulsing and retriggering, depending on the characteristics of the SPADs and the working conditions. In order to do that, a test chip containing SPADs of different size has been characterized in several operating environments. A mathematical model has been proposed for fitting afterpulsing phenomenon. It is shown that retriggering can be also described in terms of this model, suggesting that it is linked to carriers trapped in the shallow levels of the semiconductor and that should be taken into account when considering the total amount of afterpulsing events.Junta de Andalucía TIC 233

Empowerment of Foreign-Born Latino Students Through the Use of Digital Educational Technologies: A Collective-Case Study

This dissertation followed four newcomer foreign-born Latino (FBL) at Frank Porter Graham Elementary School in North Carolina and examined how they engaged with critical educational technologies. I designed this collective case study to examine the relationships among the places, spaces, actors, and objects that affect their learning experiences and their engagement with digital educational technologies. Using qualitative methods of data collection, I observed and interviewed the four FBL students, and also interviewed other actors (i.e., teachers, peers and parents) and observed other spaces (i.e., classroom, afterschool program and home) relevant to their educational experiences. Using a constructivist grounded theory methodology, I examined each FBL student's (1) dual-socialization experience of acculturation and enculturation; (2) their use of digital educational technology in the classroom; and (3) their family dynamics at home. I developed a conceptual analysis of the participants' behaviors and responses with the goal of developing a grounded model based on their perspectives and experiences. I documented two different approaches to digital educational technology in the classroom: the one-to-one approach and the organic approach. The organic approach successfully resulted in the creation of empowering educational third spaces in the classroom; however, these spaces proved difficult to foster in home settings. The challenge of replicating educational third spaces at home was found to exceed general problems of access and to represent a larger pedagogical problem: that academic goals and expectations were largely based on middle-class, Anglo parenting standards. Further research is needed to assess how family dynamics affect students' engagement with digital educational technologies. In presenting the cases of these four FBL students I sought not only to understand their use of technology in classroom, but to better understand the empowering potential of digital educational technologies. In an era of digital dominance, digital nativity can be the key to Latino youth becoming the producers of their own future. Doctor of Philosoph

Inventario animal, composición del hato, indicadores reproductivos básicos, proyección de partos, longevidad, potencial de producción de terneros y crecimiento ganadero en fincas bovinas de carne

Un total de nueve fincas dedicadas a la producción bovina de carne fueron evaluadas técnicamente para determinar la población ganadera actual, el área forrajera, la composición reproductiva del hato, los indicadores reproductivos básicos, la situación reproductiva, la proyección de partos, el potencial de la producción de terneros, la longevidad máxima de las vacas y el crecimiento ganadero en los siguientes cinco años de la operación productiva. Las nueve fincas presentaron un área total de 629 Has con un área forrajera de 589 Has (93.64%) y una población animal total de 870 semovientes; mientras que la distribución de las áreas entre las fincas fue heterogénea (P<.0001). La población de hembras totales ascendió a 535 animales; conformados por 369 vacas (42.41%), 78 novillas preñadas (8.96%), 88 novillas para el servicio vacías (10.11%), 213 hembras de preservicio (24.88%); cuya distribución de los animales por categorías entre las fincas fue diferente (P<.0001). Las hembras con capacidad reproductiva fueron 535 animales (61.49% del inventario total); incluyendo las vacas con cría (213), vacas secas (156), novillas gestantes (78) y novillas vacías (88). En términos reproductivos, el inventario de las hembras con cría presentó un 23.9% de animales con preñez (51 vacas), las vacas del seco resultaron con un 86.5% de preñez (135 vacas) y las novillas preñadas fueron 78 animales de 166 novillas con capacidad habilitable para la reproducción (46.99%). Las vacas con terneros presentaron un bajo índice de preñez dado el efecto lactacional y el tiempo de paridas; mientras que, en las novillas con capacidad reproductiva, el índice de preñez fue del 46.99%; indicando que el conjugado de las fincas presentó animales con problemas de fertilidad temprana. Las vacas con terneros lactantes fueron 213 animales (57.72%) y las vacas sin terneros o lote seco fueron 156 animales (42.28%); totalizando 369 vacas distribuidas en las nueve fincas. Las novillas preñadas fueron el 46.99% y unas las novillas vacías 53.01%; evidenciando una deficiencia en la tasa de preñez equivalente entre – 20 a -25%. La cantidad de vacas vacías en las nueve fincas fue diferente (P<.0001) y su clasificación según el diagnóstico reproductivo mostró las categorías de puerperio 11.78%, anestro 31.48%, subestro 26.40%, ciclando 20.37% y animales con quiste luteal en alguno de sus ovarios 7.41%. En las novillas vacías; combinando el aporte de todas las fincas se alcanzó en anestro 43.18%, subestro 23.86%, ciclando 22.72% y animales con quiste luteal 10.23%. Los indicadores reproductivos en promedio para las nueve fincas indicaron que la EAPP es 36.22 meses, EAPSE 27.19 meses, PAPP 397.9 KG, IEPs 425.04 kg y la EVMV fue 9.22 años. La proyección de nacimientos es homogénea entre las fincas para los siguientes seis a siete meses; ya que la preñez depende del uso de la monta natural; así como de la presentación del celo natural porque no se utiliza de manera persistente un programa de control y seguimiento reproductivo. La longevidad de las vacas más viejas en promedio fue 9.22 ± 0.74 años; resultando en 56 vacas en las nueve fincas de 369 vacas que correspondió al 15.56% de las vacas identificadas. El crecimiento ganadero en los próximos cinco años mostro que hay tres categorías de fincas en base a su área forrajera y a las unidades ganaderas actuales; siendo una categoría las fincas que pueden crecer sin presentar una sobre carga animal; las fincas intermedias que deberán mantener la tasa de descarte y las fincas que no podrán mantener su tasa de crecimiento normal debido a su limitación para mantener una carga ganadera adaptable al medio tropical con dos épocas anuales. La relación de la edad con el peso corporal en las nueve fincas fue el siguiente: 4 meses 151 lb, 8 meses 237 lb, doce meses 350 lb, quince meses 461 lb, dieciocho meses 585 lb, veinte y un mese 677 lb y 24 meses 762 lb; con un comportamiento curvolineal que fue asociado con la expresión polinomial de 4to grado (P<.0001). La correlación entre la edad y el peso corporal fue igual o superior a 0.972 en todas las fincas evaluadas. La implementación de un programa de registro ganadero con apoyo reproductivo representa una herramienta de gran importancia para mejorar la eficiencia con que debemos manejar los hatos de producción bovina de carne en las condiciones tropicales; donde el modelo plantea el uso de la monta natural, del pastoreo y de una ganadería desarrollada por pequeñas y medianas fincas. De esa manera se pueden reducir las pérdidas por problemas de fertilidad en vacas y novillas; así como un mejor aprovechamiento del forraje verde y de la capacidad para producir terneros, cebar terneros en la finca y con ello ser más eficiente y productivo en las condiciones del trópico